Measles, often considered a disease of the past, is making a worrying comeback worldwide. Recent reports & news from the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveal alarming statistics: 10.3 million measles cases were recorded in 2023, marking a 20% increase from 2022. Read more about the same & measles prevention .
This resurgence is primarily due to inadequate immunisation coverage, which has left millions of children vulnerable.
Why is Measles Still a Threat ?
Despite being preventable with a highly effective vaccine, measles continues to pose significant risks, especially in regions with low immunisation rates. In 2023:
- 22 million children missed their first dose of the measles vaccine.
- Only 83% of children globally received their first vaccine dose, and just 74% received the second dose, falling short of the 95% coverage needed to prevent outbreaks.
- 57 countries experienced large or disruptive measles outbreaks, with nearly half of these in the African region.
Let’s address some common questions about measles and its prevention.
Q1: What is measles, and why is it dangerous?
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that spreads through respiratory droplets.
It spreads easily when an infected person breathes, coughs or sneezes. It is known for symptoms like high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic rash. However, its complications, such as pneumonia, brain inflammation (encephalitis), and even death, make it a severe public health concern.
Measles can affect anyone but is more common in children.
Q2: How can measles be prevented?
The measles vaccine is the most effective way to prevent the disease. It is usually administered in two doses as part of routine immunisation programs:
Achieving at least 95% vaccine coverage in every community is crucial to halt outbreaks.
Q3: Why are measles cases increasing globally?
The rise in cases can be attributed to:
- Inadequate immunisation coverage: Many regions fail to achieve the recommended vaccine coverage due to weak healthcare systems, misinformation, or vaccine hesitancy.
- COVID-19 disruptions: The pandemic led to interruptions in routine immunisation services, creating immunity gaps.
- Large-scale outbreaks: In 2023, regions like Africa, South-East Asia, and Europe witnessed substantial surges in cases due to these immunity gaps.
Q4: Is the measles vaccine safe?
Yes, the measles vaccine is both safe and highly effective. It has been in use for decades, with a proven record of reducing measles-related deaths and complications significantly. Side effects, if any, are typically mild, such as fever or mild rash.
Q5: What are the symptoms of measles, and when should I see a doctor?
Early symptoms of measles include:
- High fever
- Cough and runny nose
- Red, watery eyes
- Small white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots)
- A widespread rash appearing 3–5 days after the first symptoms
Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms worsen or complications such as difficulty breathing or persistent high fever occur.
Q6: What can governments and communities do to combat measles?
To curb the resurgence of measles:
- Strengthen immunization programs: Ensure equitable access to vaccines for all.
- Educate communities: Combat vaccine misinformation and encourage timely immunization.
- Enhance surveillance: Rapidly identify and respond to outbreaks to prevent further spread.
- Invest in healthcare infrastructure: Improve healthcare access in remote and underserved areas.
Q7: How can I protect my family from measles?
- Ensure vaccinations: Check that all family members are up to date on their measles vaccinations.
- Maintain hygiene: Wash hands frequently and avoid close contact with infected individuals.
- Seek early treatment: Consult a doctor promptly if symptoms appear.
Stay informed, stay protected, and advocate for immunisation in your community.
Together, we can stop the spread of this preventable disease.
Disclaimer : This is no replacement to medical advice, Do consult your doctor in case of any medical problem.
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